Fig. 2

Possible mechanisms of action of dual modulators of Aβ and tau aggregation and their aggregate dissociation. These dual inhibitors of Aβ and tau act (1) to inhibit aggregation by preventing exposure of the hydrophobic regions of Aβ and tau monomers, or by inducing interactions with hydrophobic regions to weaken vulnerable regions of Aβ and tau, and (2) to modulate aggregation by inducing sporadic interactions through covalent or non-covalent bonds with amino acid residues important for Aβ and tau fibrillation. The dual modulators for Aβ and tau aggregate dissociation would induce sporadic interactions through covalent or non-covalent bonds with amino acid residues that are important for the fibrillation of Aβ and tau, leading to dissociation of the fibrils